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聖經-白熾燈使用充電式鋰電池的搭配中譯版

金級會員

Rank: 7Rank: 7Rank: 7
11#
rockhong01發表於 2012-3-30 14:21 | 只看該作者
第六章  第一部份

    Voltage Concepts of Tactical Lamps and Lithium cells
    第六章  強光燈泡及鋰電池的電壓概念

    if your getting 8.4Volts on a fresh charge and ur not giving the full 9V you obviouslly lose some lumens and power right ? what would you be getting with those 20mins in aprox. lumens? or would you get the full 320lumens?
    假如你的電池是8.4V，你沒有提供足夠的9V電力，你很明顯的會失去一些手電筒的亮度，對吧？在手電筒運作的20分鐘，亮度約是多少流明？或者說你能得到最大320流明的亮度嗎？

    Let me begin by saying- if you took a 9V tactical lamp assembly, made by Surefire, LemensFactory, anybody.... doesn't matter, and put it on a bench power supply and set it to 9V at the bulb, it would not last very long at all. Especially the high power ones like the EO-9 and P91, which would probably instaflash at 9V. The HO-9 might last a few minutes to an hour if your lucky. The lower power bulbs might last a little while, the very lower output bulbs (less than an amp) would probably work fine on 9V...
    一開始，讓我這樣說好了，假設你拿一顆9V的強光燈泡模組，不管是Surefire的也好、Lumensfactory的也好…任何其他廠牌的都好，把它裝進一組電池組之中，把燈泡設定在9V，它再這麼樣也無法點亮很長的時間。尤其是那些高亮度的燈泡像是EO-9以及P91，大概只能亮一下下。HO-9大概能持續幾分鐘，如果你夠幸運的話，或許1個小時。較低亮度的燈泡可能可以持續久一點，非常低亮度的燈泡（少於1amp）大約能在9V電壓下，工作得很好。

    Now.. here's why. This is hard to follow because it's one of those double reverse things where it is the way it is because of the way something it is this way..bleh.. I'll try....
    現在…我要解釋為什麼會這樣。這很難說起，因為這是個雙重交錯的事情，為什麼會是這樣，那就是因為它就是那樣…恩…我會試著將事情解釋清楚。

    CR123A primary cells, when BRAND new, fresh out of the box, measure about 3.2V per cell. However. When you put a load on them, that voltage does not stay 3.2. This is the case with ALL batteries. They have an open circuit voltage, and they have a working voltage. Depending on how much you demand from the cell (in amps) will determine how much variation there is between open circuit voltage and working voltage... Please Refer to Silverfoxes charts of CR123A discharge characteristics here http://www.candlepowerforums.com/vb/...ad.php?t=67078
    You will see that at 1 Amp, most cells almost immediately sag to 2.5V.
    CR123A一次性鋰電池，當是剛剛從盒子裏拿出來，全新的時候，測量電壓約是一顆3.2V。然而，當你把它丟到手電筒裏面使用，使它承受工作負荷的時候，電壓並不會維持在3.2V。這是所有電池都一樣的狀況。依照你要從電池裏面榨出的電力不同（amps），將會決定電池的開放電路電壓及工作電壓間的差距。請你參照Silverfox的CR123A放電特性表：
http://www.candlepowerforums.com/vb/...ad.php?t=67078
你將會看到，在輸出1Amp電力的時候，大部份的電池電壓會立刻下降到2.5V。

    Now, most standard 9V lamps are from 1.1-1.3 Amp. The HO-9 is about 1.5Amp. At 1.5Amp we can expect the average CR123A cell to sag to about 2.4V within a few seconds of being fresh. 3X2.4V=7.2V
    現在，大部份標準的9V燈泡，會消耗1.1-1.3amp的電力。HO-9大約消耗1.5amp。在1.5amp的電力消耗的情況下，我們可以預測CR123A電池的電壓，會在開始使用後的幾秒鐘以內，平均來說會下降到2.4V。如果用的是3顆電池的話，總電壓是3X2.4V=7.2V。

    So.. when designing high power tactical lamps, they take this into consideration.. They need the lamp to be able to survive that initial high-voltage spike of the first few seconds, but they try to make the bulb in such a way that it will run strong and bright far below 9V, because in reality, the bulb will rarely if ever actually get 9V after the voltage sag of the batteries under a load.
    因此，在設計強光燈泡的時候，廠商就有把這一點納入考量。他們需要燈泡能夠承受剛開始使用前幾秒的電壓峯值，但是又必需使燈泡在遠低於9V的電壓值下，正常的投射出強光，因為在現實中，燈泡在電池工作負載的情況下，根本無法提供足夠的9V電壓。

    Take a look under "lamp specifications" at this page: http://www.lumensfactory.com/specifications
    you'll see they have designed the target voltage for 9V lamp to be 7.6V. smart eh?
    看一下這個網址的「燈泡性能」表：
http://www.lumensfactory.com/specifications
你將會看到9V燈泡的工作電壓，是被設定在7.6V，聰明吧？

    Also take note of the EO-9, which is a 7.2V lamp... this is because it draws 2.0amps and sags the voltage of the cells down even further. they took this into consideration when designing this lamp, by doing so, it is brighter and whiter off of the cells it was intended to be used with.
    也看一下EO-09，其實是顆7.2V的燈泡…這是因為它吃2.0amp的電量，會把電池的電壓更往下拉。他們在設計燈泡的時候就有把這種情形考量在內，這麼做，就可在電池工作負載的範圍內，使燈泡發出更白、更亮的光線。
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金級會員

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12#
rockhong01發表於 2012-3-30 14:22 | 只看該作者
第六章  第二部份

    Now... Here's the deal withe Li-Ion
現在輪到可充電式鋰電池的狀況。
.
    Yes they do only come off the charger at 4.2V (8.4V total for a pair in series). But as you can see above, the fresh voltage of a cell says very little about the way it works under a load. GENERALLY speaking, Lithium Ion cells suffer from less voltage sag than Lithium Primaries. As a result of this, the ideal voltage range for running a 9V tactical lamp is reached without a problem. Now.... Ordinarily speaking. The ideal setup is to use a 3 cell light like the C3 or 9P or something. This way you can use larger cells. For example. A pair of 17500 size cells are a direct replacement for a set of 3 CR123s. The larger higher capacity cells will also perform as well or better than the original configuration of 3 CR123s.. When you step down a "notch" in size and try to run powerful 9V lamp assemblies off of small RCR123 cells, depending on the cell, you do loose a little bit of performance and a lot of runtime trying to get so much out of so little... but if compact size and bright are important, then we make these sacrifices. As far as real world use goes, you wouldn't be able to tell much different between a HO-9 on a pair of RCR123s to a HO-9 on 3 CR123s... in fact, it's hard to distinguish the difference between LFs HO-9 and EO-9. The human eye just isn't a very good light meter. On a pair of BIG Li-Ion cells like 17670s, the HO-9 runs at about 1.6Amp. On the small RCR123s, it runs closer to 1.5Amp.... So a bigger set of cells will run a little brighter, but you can't see much difference. For long runtime, many people are using "4 cell" sized bodies (length of 4 CR123A cells) that are bored to accept 18mm diameter cells... a pair of 18650s gives about 2200mAh capacity instead of the ~550mAh you get from a pair of RCR123s, So they can drive even more powerful lamps, or run the regular ones much longer. But at the sacrifice of space... [WOLF-EYES and PILA brand lights come from the factory with 18mm diameter cells in mind, no boring neccessary, if you are new to the world of Li-Ion, you would do yourself a great favor to start with one of these brands, being able to support the extra mm diameter cell, adds about 30-50% capacity and current capability to your configuration, you can also piece together a Surfire Style Light using many of the available Surefire heads, bezels, tailcaps, and lamps, in conjunction with Leef or FM bodies sold at Lighthound. The result is Surefire Like quality with support for 18mm cells. this is generally the most expensive, but also the most rewarding, and adaptable option available.]
是的，可充電式鋰電池只有在它們剛從充電器上拿下來的時候，電壓是4.2V（串聯2顆是8.4V）。但是就如同你在上面看到的，電池所標示的電壓，跟實際上有工作負載的工作電壓是不同的。一般而言，可充電式鋰電池在有工作負載時，它的電壓下降的值，較一次性鋰電還要小。因此，要達到驅動9V強光燈泡的理想電壓範圍較沒有什麼問題。現在，一般來說，比較理想的組合是採用1支像是C3、9P或是其他使用3顆電池的手電筒。這麼做，你可以使用較大顆的電池。舉例而言，2顆17500電池就可以直接取代3顆CR123。較大顆，較大電量的電池，工作表現也會比原來的3顆CR123還要更好，至少效能不會較差。當你嚐試使用較小顆的RCR123電池來驅動強力的9V燈泡模組，視使用的電池不同，你將會損失一些效能，形同浪費時間在做無益的事。但是，假如小尺寸的手電筒及強力的光源是重要的，那也只好做出一些犧牲，採用這種設定。但在現實世界的使用環境中，你應該沒有辦法分辨用2顆RCR123及用3顆CR123電池，來驅動HO-9燈泡模組這2種設定之間，到底有什麼不同。事實上，要分辨LFs HO-9及EO-9間的差異，本來就很難。人眼並不是很好的光度計。HO-9搭配2顆大型的可充電鋰電池像是17760，會耗損大約1.6Amp的電量。搭配小顆的RCR123的話，則大概是1.5Amp。所用使用較大顆的電池會稍微亮一點，但是你沒有辦法看出它們的差別。為了要延長使用的時間，很多人會採用4個電池尺寸長度的筒身（4顆CR123A的長度），並且把它擴筒到足以容納18mm直徑的電池。2個18650電池大概就有2200mah的電量，如果使用2顆RCR123就只有550mah，所以他們可以驅動更加強力的燈泡，或者使一般常規的燈泡使用更久的時間。但是，所需要付出的犧牲就是空間。WOLF-EYES跟PILA這2個品牌的手電筒，在生產的時候，就有考量到可以容納18mm直徑的電池，他們並不需要擴筒，假如你剛接觸可充電式鋰電池的世界，從這2個品牌的手電筒開始買，可以為自己省下很多的麻煩，它們可以讓你使用更大直徑的電池，為你的手電筒組合增加30-50%的電容量及效能。當然你也可以使用Surefire的燈頭、壓環、尾蓋、燈泡模組或是使用在Lighthound找到Leef或是FM的筒身來拼出一支Surefire風格的手電筒。結果就可以得到一支可使用18mm電池，品質又與Surefire相近的手電筒。這往往是最貴的組合，但也是最值得也最有彈性的組合。

    It's important to note that rechargeable cells are often rated differently than primary cells. Specifically, most primary cells are rated at their "fresh" open-circuit voltage output, while most rechargeable cells are rated at their "nominal" or average output into a load. So a CR123 primary is rated 3.0V, but in reality, under a load, it is usually around 2.25V-2.75V depending on how demanding the load. A Li-Ion cell is rated 3.7V, but in reality, it actually HOLDS 3.7V or higher into most loads. [food for thought time]:The same holds true in comparing Alkaline primary cells to rechargeable NIMH cells. In reality, even thought the NIMH is only rated 1.2V, it will often hold a higher voltage through most of a discharge than it's "1.5V" Alkaline cousin.
    了解可充電式鋰電池及一次性鋰電池上標示的數據是不一樣的也是重要的。大部份的一次性鋰電池是標示它剛出廠，在無工作負荷下的輸出電壓值；而大多數的可充電式鋰電池是標示它們的「官方」數據或是在有工作負荷下的平均電壓值。所以CR123一次性鋰電池所標示的數據是3.0V，但事實上，在有工作負荷的情況下，依照它們工作負荷的不同，它們的電壓值大概在2.25-2.75V之間。可充電式鋰電池標示3.7V，但事實上，它的確可以在大多數的工作負荷情況下，維持3.7V或者是更高的電壓值。〔進一步思考時間〕在比較鹼性電池及可充電式鎳氫電池的時候，這種狀況也是一樣的，有些鎳氫電池甚至標示1.2V，但在它工作放電的過程中，大多數的時間，都比它的1.5V鹼性電池表親，維持更高的電壓值。
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金級會員

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13#
rockhong01發表於 2012-3-30 14:23 | 只看該作者
More cell safety concepts "Cs"
    第七章  更多電池安全的概念「C係數」

    "Most of these cells are designed to be used up to a 2C current draw, no more " what do you mean by this ?
「這些電池大部份都被設計來使用2C電流輸出，不要超過。」你這麼說是什麼意思？

    The "C" rating is the multiplier to discover the maximum safe discharge and charge characteristics.. I mentioned those characteristics above... Now I'll explain further..
    「C」係數是得知電池的安全充電及放電特性（註16）的一個乘數。我已經在前面的文章內提過那些特性。現在我會更進一步的解釋。
註16  這裏指單位時間內電流的充電及放電量。
   
It's quite simple really: easiest thing for me to do is give examples:
    cell 1 example:
    18500 sized Li-Ion Cell
    1500mAh capacity
    2C max discharge
    1C max charge
    take the "2" before the C for max discharge and multiply by the mAh capacity rating of the cell. 2x1500=3000mA max discharge. or 3Amps. same for charge, 1x1500=1500, this cell can be charged at 1.5Amps, no more..
    這其實非常簡單，我們就舉例子來說：
    電池案例1：
    18500 可充電式鋰電池
    1500mAh 電容量
    2C 最大放電
    1C 最大充電
    把代表最大放電那一項，C係數前面的數字「2」，乘以電池的電容量「1500mah」。2×1500=3000ma 最大放量，或者是3amps。對充電來說也是一樣的，1×1500=1500，這顆電池可以1.5amps的電量充電，不要超過…

    cell 2 example:
    26650 size Li-Poly<-
    3100mAh capacity
    10C max discharge
    4C max charge
    Take "10" X 3100 = 31,000mA max discharge... 31 Amps. wow! (some Polymer cells can do this... RC guys use stuff like this)
    "4"Cx3100mAh = 12.4Amp max charge rate... This cell could be safely charged from dead to full in about 15 minutes without damage.
    電池案例2：
    26650 鋰聚合物電池<-
    3100mAh 電容量
    10C 最大放電
    4C 最大充電
    拿「10」乘以3100等於31000ma的最大放電量…31amps，哇噢！（有些聚合物電池可以做得到…RCguys（註17）就會使用像這樣的玩意兒）。
    「4」C乘以3100mah等於12.4amps的最大充電量。這顆電池從乾到充飽，只要充15分鐘，既不會損壞電池，又很安全。
註17 RC guys請原諒譯者才疏學淺，實在搞不清楚這是在玩什麼東西的人，初步推斷，可能是指「玩遙控飛機的人」，RC也代表著以下的縮寫：Red Cross 紅十字會、Research Centre 研究中心、Reserve Corps 後備部隊、Roman Catholic 天主教徒…這是奇摩字典說的。

    Ratings like this are given to all sorts of batteries... You just take the C rating and multiply by capacity to find out the maximum current allowed for that function..
    所有電池都有像這樣的標示。你只需要把C係數乘上電池的容量，你就可以找出電池可容許的最大或最低放電量。

    There are some batteries specifically designed for the safe delivery of up to a hundred amps or more.
    有一些電池被特別設計來做數百安培甚至超過的安全放電。

    Unfortunately, The LiCo cells we use, aren't so advanced just yet. Most of the Li-Ion cells we are using are rated between 1.5 and 2C...
    很不幸的，我們所使用的充電式電池還沒有那麼先進。大多數我們在使用的充電式電池都是標示在1.5及2C之間。

    It has been recently brought to my attention by Silverfox, that the cell manufactures, and the cell labelers, may not really be "in agreement" when rating cells. Until I can gather more information on this, consider configurations with an estimated runtime of less than 30 minutes, to be pushing cells "beyond 2C."Something that the original cell manufacture would not have recommended. So if the maximum discharge rate is 2C, it only means "capacity x 2" IF the cell holds it's rated capacity at that load. Most cells do not deliver their rated capacity into high loads, so it's important to re-calculate the maximum safe discharge rate based on the typical capacity of a cell into a particular load. See safety/use section above for further information. The cells that this issue seems to be MOST PREVALENT for are the RCR123 size cells, which seem to come with the most inflated capacity ratings. (by as much as 75% or more in some cases, which can lead people to believe they have a much higher safe discharge rate then they do in reality) Most larger format cells sold by AW/WE/Pila are very close to their rated capacity and can be used pretty close to a discharge rate that is double the rated capacity. (A 1.5 or 1.6AH 17670 should handle a ~3 amp load pretty safely).
Silverfox最近跟我說了一些我很感興趣的事，電池製造商及電池研發人員，對於如何標示電池的諸元並沒有真正形成共識。在我可以在此得到更多資訊之前，總是認為在少於30分鐘的時間內，將電池搾乾，是讓電池「超過2C」的工作負荷。這是電池製造商不會建議做的事。所以如果電池的最大放電安全係數是2C，那只意味著「容量×2」，這是假設電池在那樣的工作負擔，還能維持它所標示的效能的情況下才成立。大部份的電池，在高工作負荷的時候，並無法輸出它所標示的電量，因此，根據電池在特殊工作負荷的情況下的電量輸出，來重新計算電池的安全放電量就很重要。請研讀本指南第四章電池的安全使用來了解更多的資訊。論壇的會員最常使用的可充電式電池應該是RCR123電池，這種電池的標示電量也最常灌水（在某些電池上，甚至灌水程度高達75%以上，這會使使用者相信，他們在實際使用的過程中，可以以很高的安全放電量來操作）。AW/WE/Pila所賣的大多數大容量電池，它們標示的電量很接近它們實際的電量，所以可以很安全的操作2倍於電池電量的放電率（註18）（1.5A或1.6AH的17670電池可以安全的承受3amps放電的工作負荷）。
註18 即為2C放電。
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金級會員

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14#
rockhong01發表於 2012-3-30 14:23 | 只看該作者
The "Guilt Free" Lumens concept
    第八章  無痛使用概念

    A long time ago(before my time even), a very valued member here at CPF, Paul_In_Maryland, coined the phrase "guilt-free lumens." Here's what he was talking about.
    很久以前（甚至在我進入論壇之前），一位在CPF上很有貢獻的老前輩，Paul_In_Maryland，提出了「無痛使用」（註19）的觀念。以下就是一些他說過的論點。

    went through 4 surefire 123s today playing with it, and have decided ..time for rechargeable cells!.
    在玩過了4顆Surefire 123一次性鋰電池時期後的現在，我決定了，該是使用可充電式鋰電池的時候了。

    The whole reason so many of us are going rechargable is to be able to just play , guilt free. Showing off a fancy light shouldn't come at the guilt of knowing that it is sucking down 2-10+ dollars an hour (depending on configuration) in primary cells. Having rechargeables in a light also lets you use it for more tasks where it is handy, but maybe not necessary, without feeling that guilt of coming that much closer to dropping in more and more cells.
    很多玩家開始使用可充電式鋰電池的唯一理由就是，我們就是要玩手電筒，不要心痛。讓手電筒發出令人目眩神迷的光芒，並不需要代表著你在1小時之內燒掉2-10塊美金以上的一次性鋰電（依照你的手電筒而定，譯者按：在台灣可又不只這個價格）。在手電筒裏裝上可充電式鋰電池，讓你可以儘情的使用手電筒，而不用為了一次又一次的丟掉愈來愈多的一次性鋰電池而感到心痛。
註19 guilty free原意為無罪惡感，在華人玩家的世界，意即大家熟悉的無痛使用，也就是不用為了小朋友大量出走而心痛。

    Rechargeable Lithium Ion cells will often deliver 300-1000 cycles depending on how they are used. at a cost of about $6-25 per cell, all it takes is about 6-25 cycles for the cells to have paid for themselves when compared to lithium photo batteries. Since li-ion cells can be "topped up" at any time, we can, guilt free, always have "fresh" cells in the flashlight. Never to throw out a partially depleted cell again because we want to go back to "full brightness." Keep this in mind when choosing cells remember that even if you buy the MOST EXPENSIVE Li-Ion cells they will still be saving you money in the long run. So getting good quality cells shouldn't be looked at as "too expensive" when in reality, it's still cheaper than running primaries.
    根據它們的使用方式不同，可充電式鋰電池有著300-1000次循環使用壽命。充電式電池一顆大概賣6-25塊美金，跟使用一次性鋰電池比較起來，只要重覆充電使用個6-25次就能回本。既然充電式電池隨時都可以「充滿電」，我們可以總是可以，無痛的，在手電筒裏面使用充滿電量的電池。不要再只為了讓手電筒發出最強光度，而把只用了一半的一次性鋰電池丟掉了。要記得，即使你買的是最昂貴的充電式鋰電池，以長期使用的角度來看，它們還是可以為你省錢。所以買好品質的電池不應被當做「昂貴」，在實際的使用上，它們依然比使用一次性電池便宜。
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金級會員

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rockhong01發表於 2012-3-30 14:24 | 只看該作者
Lumens, Watts, FUN
    第九章  流明、功率（瓦特）及樂趣
    would you get the full 320 lumens[using 2x lithium ion to drive a 9V bulb]???.
    All I can say here is.. try not to get too hung up on lumens.. (I do all the time, but I shouldn't)... For starters, there is such a massive difference in the way different manufactures measure and rate lumens, that you cannot compare the numbers, you have to know the lamps first hand, or have a really good idea of how they were rated to get the number..
    〔用2顆可充電式電池〕 你可以得到320流明的全亮度嗎？我在這裏所能說的是…不要太執著於亮度吧！（我自己也常常這樣，但不應該這樣做…）。對初接觸手電筒的人來說，廠商測量及標示亮度的方式，有著很大的差異，你不能只看數字。一開始，你必需對他們怎麼去得到這個數字，要有充份的了解，或者有個清楚的概念。

    The best way to compare tactical incandescent lights... is to compare power consumption. Keep in mind that different configurations may have different efficiencies, so this isn't an exactly perfect comparison, but it's worth consideration for a "rule of thumb" comparison.
    要比較強光手電筒的亮度，最好的方法，就是去比較它們消耗的電力。要記得，你用不同的燈泡-電池的組合，會產生不同的效能，雖然這不是一個完美的比較法，但卻可視為是一個實用的方法。

    Your P60 is a ~5V lamp that draws ~1.2Amp. it's about 6 Watts of light. The HO-9 is ~7.2V on fresh RCR123s at about 1.55Amp, or about 11Watts...it's about twice as bright. By comparison, a P61 is about 4.5V in operation by about 2.5Amps, which is also about 11W... notice how the P61 is rated 120 lumen by Surefire, The HO-9 is rated 320 lumens by LF... and believe it or not... both companies have a legitimate number, because they measure differently. Surefire is talking about torch lumens at some point during the discharge (like with half used batteries)... LF is talking about bulb lumens on ~fresh cells. I think Surefire also derates even farther than that... It's nuts how underrated some of their lamps are.
    你的P60是1顆耗電量1.2Amp，5V的燈泡，它的功率大約是6W。HO-9是9V，用剛充好的RCR123電池，會消耗1.55Amp的電力，或是說大約功率11W，大概是P60的2倍亮。再比較下去，P61燈泡模組大概是4.5V，耗電量約是2.5Amp，大概是11W的功率。要注意到的是，Surefire把P61模組標示為120流明；而LF卻把HO-9標示為320流明。而且信不信由你，這2個商家所標示的流明值都是有實測根據的…，這只是因為他們測量的方法不同。Surefire是用放電到一定程度的電池（例如只剩下一半電力的電池）來做燈泡的亮度值測試。LF是用全新的電池來做燈泡的亮度測試。我個人甚至認為，Surefire在標示他們產品的亮度值時，又遠低於這個水準（註20）。Surefire一定是瘋了，才會把產品的亮度值標示的那麼低。
註20 指用電量一半的電池，所測出的水準。

    Keep in mind that the eyes are not a very good judge of lumens, and we can not very accurately distinguish a difference unless the difference is about 30% or more. So often times, a "step down" in brightness is just as useful, while provided longer runtime and a better overall utility value of the flashlight. Also keep in mind, that eyes adjust for light intensity, so in a totally dark environment, like out in the woods away from a city, a few lumens goes a long way. Competing with other sources of light to bring the light on a subject "up to" the level of it's surroundings is a situation that often demands more lumens. There is often a misunderstanding that you need more light the darker it is, this couldn't be farther from the truth. In the woods with no ambient light, 100-200 lumens is awesome. In town, lighting up an address at 75ft can take 400-1000 lumens before it is easily visible when eyes are adjusted for all the ambient light.
    記得，眼睛對亮度的判斷十分地不準，除非實際亮度的差距在30%以上，我們並沒有辦法十分地精確判斷2支手電筒間亮度的差異。因此減低亮度，以獲得手電筒更長的使用時間，及更有效的發揮電池的使用效能，常常是更加有用的。同時也記得，眼睛會隨著光線的強弱而調整，所以在一個像是遠離都市的森林，這種完全黑暗的環境，只要一點點亮度，就十分的有用。在週遭有亮光的環境下，要壓過環境光害，把光線投射到一個物體上，常常需要極高的亮度。而筒友們常誤解一件事，那就是在愈黑的環境中，我們愈需要更亮的手電筒，這是一個完全錯誤的觀念。在無環境光源，完全黑暗的森林中，100-200流明就已經亮到不行了。在城市中，在你的眼睛已經適應了環境光源後，你可能需要400-1000流明，才能照亮一個，在75呎的距離，你要看的物體。

    When you desire an "upgrade" in brightness, choose a configuration that is at LEAST double the wattage you are currently running to be impressed. Like going from a P90 to a P91.
    當你想要升級亮度，就選擇至少可以增加2倍瓦特數的燈泡-電池組合，這樣你才會比較有成就感，例如把P90升級到P91。
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金級會員

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rockhong01發表於 2012-3-30 14:25 | 只看該作者
"3.0V" lithium Ion rechargeable cells
    第十章  3.0V可充電式鋰電池

    Very often, someone asks a question about using a "special" type of Li-Ion rechargeable battery that is supposedly 3.0V. They usually want to use a pair of these to run their 6V lamps. This is my response to anyone considering this setup...
    常常有人會問到使用一種特殊的3.0V可充電電式鋰電池。他們想使用2顆來驅動他們的6V燈泡。這一章是回應任何有這種需要的人。

    either:
    1. The cells will have protection circuits and won't power up the P60.
    2. The cells won't have large enough voltage regulators to handle the current and the will go bad after a few cycles.
    3. The P60 will burn out, instantly, or after a few cycles because the Li-Ion 3.0V does not sag under a load as much as the primary cells the lamp was designed for do.
    4. The cells will not live up to their capacity rating at the level of power you demand from them, giving poor runtime (10-20 minutes)
    5. The voltage regulator in the cell will overheat, in conjunction with the heat from the lamp, and the cell, you will be at high risk of vent-with-flame.
    6. You wish you had just started with the 9V configuration to begin with.
    下列的任何一種情況都會發生：
    1. 電池會有保護電路，而這種電池上的保護電路，可能使得電池無法點亮燈泡。
    2. 電池沒有足以承載大電流量的電壓調節器，可能用過幾次後就會故障。
    3. P60燈泡將會馬上或用過幾次就燒毀，因為3.0V的可充電式電池，在有工作負荷的情況下，電壓值並不會像是一次性鋰電池那樣下降，而P60燈泡是被設計來適應一次性鋰電這種特性的。
    4. 電池並沒有辦法符合你所期待的效能，輸出的電量很小，可操作的時間也很短（10-20分鐘）。
    5. 電池內的電壓調節器會過熱，再加上燈泡所產生的熱度，你會冒著你的手電筒將會爆炸的風險。
    6.你最好從9V的燈泡設定開始入手。

    choose one of the following configurations:
    1. a 3.7V bulb powered by 1 Lithium-Ion Cell.
    2. a 9V bulb powered by 2 Lithium-Ion Cells.
    3. a 13V bulb powered by 3 Lithium-Ion Cells.
    選擇以下的燈泡-電池組合設定：
    1. 1個3.7V的燈泡，由1顆可充電式鋰電池驅動。
2. 1個9V的燈泡，由2顆可充電式鋰電池驅動。
    3. 1個13V的燈泡，由3顆可充電式鋰電池驅動。

    This response is in reference to 3.7V Lithium Cobalt Oxide cells that have voltage regulators built in to step down the voltage.
    以上的組合是給使用內建電壓調節器把3.7V鋰鈷一氧化物的電壓往下調整的可充電式電池的回應。

    There are some new chemistries of Lithium rechargeables coming out, for example, LifeP04 chemistry. This guide does not cover the uses of these cells as they are very new, time will tell what configurations these cells are good for.
    有一些用新的化學物質構成的可充電式鋰電池問世了，例如，LiFeP04化學電池。因為這些電池非常新，這篇指南並沒有涵蓋這些電池，但是時間會告訴我們這些電池到底性能如何。

    I would like to make note, that it is sometimes becoming hard to distinguish what cells really are "under the hood." Many LiFeP04 cells are simply sold as "3.0V Li-Ion cells" which can make it difficult to know what they are. Different types of "3.0V" cells have different charging requirements, anywhere from 3.6V, 3.8V, 4.4V, and 4.5V, and chargers are often very misleading on which type of 3.0V cell they are intended to charge. If you do have a special application for a 3.0V cell, please be absolutely certain you are getting the proper charger, check with the distributor of the cells, they usually sell "bungles" that include the correct charger for the cell being sold. At this time, I recommend LiFeP04 "3.0V" cells over the previous generation 3.7V cells with regulators in them. The new chemistry is very safe. They don't have as much total capacity, but at least you don't have to worry about them misbehaving.
    我要指出，有時候，分辨在封裝下的電池，到底是什麼電池是很難的。很多LiFeP04電池就只被當作是3.0V可充電式電池來販售，這使得分辨這些電池成為一件困難的工作。不同種類的3.0V電池，會有不同的充電需求，它們可能會是3.6V、3.8V、4.4V或是4.5V。而到底哪種充電器該充哪種3.0V的電池，也常常讓人搞不清楚。假如你真的有特殊的需求，必需用到3.0V的充電式電池，請你絕對要很確定，你使用的是正確的充電器，或許也可以問一下電池的經銷商，他們通常有販售「bundle」包裝的商品，也就是電池連同正確的充電器一起販售的包裝。這一次，我會推薦LiFeP04，3.0v的電池；而不是用內建電壓調整器把原來3.7V降壓的電池。這種新的化學物質非常安全。它們的電容量相對的比較小，但至少你不用擔心它們會隨時給你出狀況。
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金級會員

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17#
rockhong01發表於 2012-3-30 14:25 | 只看該作者
Why doesn't my flashlight work?
    第十章  為什麼我的手電筒不會亮？

    There are an enormous number of threads started like this:
    I bought rechargeable protected cells from "X seller" and it isn't working???
    5 times out of 10, the protection circuit in the cell, is shutting down the cell before the lamp can come to life. This has been a problem for Li-Ion users since the beginning, but people ignore the suggestions, save a few dollars ordering cheap cells from some other place, and then find out that their cells are useless to them... Keep in mind that MOST protected Li-Ion cells were never designed with the characteristics of an incandescent bulb in mind, so they will not deliver the startup current that the bulb demands. Bulbs draw 3-5+ times their steady state power for the first few milliseconds. A cold filament has much less resistance than a hot one. If that power drain trips the protection in the cell, the light won't turn on.. In some cases, you can "tap" the switch a few times, to bring the filament up to temperature, but ideally speaking, having cells designed with incandescent lamps in mind is best. Please stick to AWs protected, Wolf-Eyes, or Pila cells. There have been some recent tests showing that Pila cells are slightly better performing than the others, but they are also quite expensive, so choose your cells wisely. At the time of writing this, AW is the only seller of a RCR123 sized cell WITH a protection circuit that will reliably and safely light up lamps up to 1.5Amp without the need for "double tapping" or any other issues.
有無數的討論串以這種方式開頭：
我從X經銷商那裏買了有保護電路的可充電電池，但它沒有用？
    10次裏面會有5次，是電池內部的保護電路在手電筒亮起來之前就把電流斷路。從玩家開始用可充電電池以來，這一直就是一個問題，但是人們也忽略掉一個可能性，那就是為了省幾塊錢從一些地方買了很便宜的充電式電池，才發現，它們根本無法使用。記得，大部份的可充電式電池，在設計製造的時候，並沒有把電燈泡的用電特性考量在內，所以它們沒有辦法輸出燈泡在開始點亮的時候，所需求的啟動電流。燈泡在啟動瞬間的幾毫秒，會從電池內榨取比平常使用時3-5倍以上的電力。冷的鎢絲的電阻比熱的時候低很多。假如瞬間的大電流量，觸發了電池內建的保護電路，手電筒當然不會點亮。有時候，你可以連續多按幾次開關，讓鎢絲溫度上升，但理想上來說，最好買為強光手電筒設計的充電式鋰電。這裏還是建議購買AW、Wolf-Eye或者是Pila的電池。最近有一些測試指出，Pila電池的性能較其他2個廠牌還要好一些些，這這牌子的電池十分昂貴，所以還是得仔細的選擇電池。在寫這篇指南的時候，AW是唯一出產有保護電路而且是可靠的，足以安全的點亮1.5amp以上耗電量的RCR123電池的廠商，它不需要一直按開關，或做其他多餘的事，即可點亮手電筒。

    4 times out of 10, the flashlight is not working because there is a break in electrical contact somewhere in the path. Keep in mind that lithium-ion cells in various configurations may be +/- a few mm from original CR123 configuration. Many lithium-ion cells do not have the button contacts on the positive ends the way ordinary primary cells do. The positive end is often recessed about 0.5mm from the shrink-wrapping. The most common solution to making contact between cells is the use of small neodymium "rare-earth" magnets between the cells. Many users advise against using these magnets because there is a risk of the magnet sliding to the edge of the body and shorting out a cell. It has been my experience, that if there is a lip on the cell preventing contact to the next cell, that lip will usually prevent the shifting of the magnet. The use of protected cells also reduces the risk in using magnets because 99% of the time you short out a protected cell, it will shut down within a millisecond, preventing damage to the cell. If you drop your flashlight, and you are using magnets to make contact, I recommend removing the cells, and checking for magnet placement as soon as possible to prevent any complications. Other connection issues can often be solved by stretching a spring, or cleaning up contact points. (sanding, pro-golding, etc).
10次裏面有4次，手電筒是因為內部有空隙（註20）而無法點亮。記得，可充電式鋰電與一次性鋰電相較起來，它們的+/-極是有幾mm誤差。很多可充電式電池，在正極端無法像一次性鋰電那樣，接觸到燈泡模組。因為熱縮膜包裝的關係，正極端會短0.5mm左右。要使電池接觸在一起的最常見的解決方式，就是在電池間使用釹稀土磁鐵。很多使用者建議不要使用磁鐵，因為有可能電池會滑到邊邊，碰觸到筒身，造成電池短路。我的經驗是，電池封裝的塑膠膜，會有一定的厚度來防止電池彼此接觸，那應該會防止磁鐵滑動。使用有保護電路的電池，也可以減低使用磁鐵的風險，當你使有保護電路的電池短路，保護電路將會在1毫秒內中斷電池的運作，來防止電池的損壞。假如你的手電筒掉到地上，而你有使用磁鐵的話，我會建議你把電池拿出來，儘快檢查磁鐵放置的位置，以免任何意外發生。其他解決方式像是延長彈簧的長度，或是把接觸端子清理乾淨，都可以試著做做看。
註20 這裏的空隙是指電池太短而無法接觸到燈泡模組端，形成電路。

    AW often sends magnets when you buy batteries and chargers from him that may need them. Most Radio Shack stores also carry packs of 2 under the part number 64-1895. These are perfect size... However, the RadioShack variety does not have a nickel plating like most others, so they are more prone to shatter under stress, so be careful when handling them.
    AW在你買充電器或電池的時候常會送磁鐵，你在需要的時候就可以用上。大多數的Radio Shack商店（註21），可以買到2顆封裝在一起的電池，貨號是64-1895。這就是完美的尺寸。但這種封裝並沒有像其他大部份的封裝一樣使用焊鎳，它們在壓力下很容易解體，所以當你在使用這種電池的時候要小心。
註21  應該是販售無線電器材的商店。

    1 out of 10 times, the bulb or switch is burnt out and the user is unaware. You can use a DMM set to ohms, (or continuity check) to test bulbs and switches. A reading indicating "open circuit" or very high resistance (several thousand ohms or higher) will almost always mean a burnt out bulb or busted switch.
    10次裏面有1次，是因為燈泡或開關燒壞了，而使用者沒有察覺。你可以用數位電表，設定到 ohms（或做通連測試）來測試燈泡及開關。如果讀數顯示開放電路或是非常高的抗組值（數千或更高的ohms值）幾乎可以確定是澄泡或是開關燒壞了。
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金級會員

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18#
rockhong01發表於 2012-3-30 14:26 | 只看該作者
Avoid Unprotected LiCo cells
    第十一章  不要使用無保護電路的可充電式電池

    We will always have people using unprotected LiCo cells for various reasons. These cells are often much cheaper. They do work, provided the user is willing to monitor the condition of the cells, and be very careful not to over-discharge the cells. Please avoid unprotected cells unless you know what you are doing. I'm not going to discuss setups involving unprotected cells in this guide. If it won't work with a protected cell, it's probably a dangerous configuration that should be avoided.
    我們總是會看到筒友們因為各式各樣的因素使用無保護電路的可充電式電池。這些電池便宜很多。這些電池當然有用，它們是提供給願意隨時監控電池狀況的人，要非常小心，不要過充這些電池。除非你自己知道你在做什麼，否則就不要使用無保護電路的可充電電池。在這篇指南中，我不打算討論無保護電路電池的組合設定。假如你的手電筒不是用有保護電路的電池-燈泡組合設定，這樣的組合應該被視為是危險的，應該避免。

    If you are going to build up a configuration that uses unprotected cells, please choose a quality brand cell to minimize risk. Off-brand cells may not be very well matched capacity wise from cell to cell which could lead to unforeseen problems. some quality unprotected cells are LG, Sony, and Panasonic.
    假如你要用無保護電路的電池來做燈泡-電池的組合，請選用有品質的大廠電池來把風險減到最低。無牌電池本身電池與電池間的電量就無法搭配得很好，這可能會引發不可預測的危險。大廠電池如LG、Sony、Panasonic都可以考慮。

    [edit in 11/11/08]{LiMn chemistry cells are not available with protection circuits and do not need protection circuits, ignore this warning if you are using LiMn chemistry cells}
    〔11/11/08修訂〕LiMn化合物可充電電池是沒有保護電路的，而它們也不需要保護電路，你如果使用的是LiMn電池，可以忽略這個警告。

    The use of magnets to make contact between unprotected cells (regardless of chemistry) is very risky as the magnet can shift and make contact with the body of the flashlight and short out the cell.
    用磁鐵在無保護電路電池間做連接（不論任何化學成份的電池）具有非常高的風險，因為磁鐵可能移動，並接觸到手電筒的筒身造成電池的短路。
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金級會員

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19#
rockhong01發表於 2012-3-30 14:27 | 只看該作者
Cell sizes
    第十二章  電池的尺寸

    So what's with all the numbers? Lets decrypt the code
    所以那些數字到底是什麼？讓我們來解碼吧！

    Here's some references to cell sizes and their names, Pila and Wolf-eyes make 4 cell sizes... they are roughly the same as the "industry" sizes by the following chart.
    這裏有一些電池名稱及尺寸的參考資料，Pila及Wolf-Eyes製造4種尺寸的電池，他們在下列的表中，大致上是符合工業用的尺寸。

    AW follows the "normal" cell naming structure described below:
    AW遵守正規的電池規格標示，敘述在下面：

    mm diameter x mm length, the 0 on the end stands for cylindrical.
    a 21370 cell would be 21mm diameter, 37mm long, cylindrical.
    mm直徑×mm長度，最後的數字0代表圓桶形。
    1顆21370電池的直徑是直徑21mm，長37mm，圓桶形的電池。

    AW...WE...PILA
    17500/150B/300S=1.5x length of a CR123 and slightly thicker, fits most SF bodies. capacity ~1000-1100mAh
    18500/150A/300P=1.5x length of a CR123 and quite a bit thicker, fits WE, Pila, Leef bodies, and some other chinese lights. capacity ~1400-1500mAh
    17670/168B/600S= 2x length of a CR123 and slightly thicker, fits most SF bodies. capacity ~1500-1600mAh
    18650/168A/600P=2x length of a CR123 and quite a bit thicker, fits WE, Pila, Leef bodies, and some other chinese lights. capacity ~1800-2600mAh
AW...WE...PILA
    17500/150B/300S=1.5x1顆 CR123長度，有一點點比較厚，可以塞得進大部份Surefire的桶身。電容量1000-1100mAh。
    18500/150A/300P=1.5x l 顆CR123長度 ，有比較厚，塞得進WE、 Pila、Leef 桶身，還有其他的中國製手電筒。電容量1400-1500mAh。
    17670/168B/600S= 2x 1顆CR123長度，有一點點比較厚，可以塞得進大部份Surefire的桶身。電容量1500-1600mAh。
    18650/168A/600P=2x l 顆CR123長度 ，厚很多，塞得進WE、 Pila、Leef 桶身，還有其他的中國製手電筒。電容量1800-2600mAh


    the 123 reference:
    16340=16320=16330=CR123A=R123=RCR123A. we have lots of ways we "short-hand" these common cells, often just called "123" in reference to this size cell.
    Primary CR123As: 3.0V 1300mAh
    Li-Ion RCR123As: 3.7V ~500-600mAh
    123電池參考資料：
    16340=16320=16330=CR123A=R123=RCR123A。市面上對於這種尺寸的電池的型號太多了，這裏無法一一列舉，反正通稱為123尺寸電池。
    一次性 CR123: 3.0V 1300mAh
    可充電式 RCR123: 3.7V ~500-600mAh

    more size references
    15270=CR2 lithium photo battery size
    14670=4/3AA (often used in some SF bodies that are so narrow, that a 17670 will not fit, also used in mag-light mods a lot)
    14500= same size as a AA cell
    14250= same diameter, half the length of an AA cell
    10440= AAA cell size
    更多其他尺寸電池參考資料：
    15270=CR2 相機用一次性鋰電池。
    14670=4/3AA (常用在17760裝不下去的Surefire狹窄桶身,也常用在17760裝不下的mag-lite筒身)
    14500= 跟AA電池一樣尺寸
    14250=跟 AA電池直徑一樣，但長度只有一半
    10440= 跟AAA電池尺寸一樣

    There are a lot more cells out there, this is just some of the stuff we see around here pretty commonly.
    在市面上還有很多其他的電池，但大多數跟我們上述所提到的電池是十分相近的。
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金級會員

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20#
rockhong01發表於 2012-3-30 14:27 | 只看該作者
Compatibility
    第十三章  相容性

    Now we know how big the cells are, where do I stuff em?
    現在，我們已經知道電池有多大了，我們要怎麼搭配手電筒呢？

    If a CR123A, is 16mm x 34mm, and we have a flashlight that holds 2 cells, then we have about ~67mm of length to work with. If this is a Surefire, then we probably have room for a 17mm diameter cell, if it's a Wolf-Eyes, then we have room for a 18mm diameter cell. We can use either a 17670, or an 18650 size cell, or 2 RCR123 size cells, we can use 3.7V, or 9V lamps.
假如CR123A的尺寸是16mm×34mm，我們有一個可以裝2顆電池的手電筒，我們就有一個67mm長的空間可供利用。如果這是Surefire桶身，我們大概有可以塞進直徑17mm電池的空間。假如是Wolf-Eyes的電筒，我們就有空間可以塞入18mm直徑的電池。我們可以使用17670或者是18650電池，或是2顆RCR123電池，來搭配3.7V或是9V的燈泡。

    If we buy a flashlight that holds 3 of these. Then we have about ~100mm of length to work with. So a PAIR of 17500, or 18500 cells, would fit great. This will drive 9V lamps. There are a few configurations that would allow the use of 3 RCR123 cells driving a ~13V lamp in this size body as well.
    假如我們買的手電筒可以使用3顆RCR123電池。我們就可以有大約100mm的長度可以使用。因此2顆17500或是18500電池就可以很容易地放進去。這可以驅動9V燈泡。有一些燈泡-電池的組合也可以讓我們使用3顆RCR123電池來驅動13V的燈泡。

    If our flashlight holds 4 of these cells, then we have more like ~130mm of length to work with. So we are going to use a PAIR of 17670 or 18650 size cells to drive a 9V lamp.
    假如我們的手電筒可以使用4顆RCR123電池，我們就會有大約130mm的長度可用。所以我們就會使2顆17670或是18650電池來驅動1顆9V燈泡。

    There are some custom configurations made possible through the use of Wolf-Eyes extenders/bodies, Leef bodies, and other modifications, that allow the use of 3 50mm long cells, or 3 ~65mm long cells, to drive 13V "turbo" lamps.
    有一些個人化的設定組合，透過使用Wolf-Eyes的延長筒或是筒身、Leef的筒身或是其他品牌的筒身，讓我們可以使用3顆50mm長的電池，或是3-65mm來的電池，來驅動13V的渦輪頭。

    I have added a list of well known configurations that use D26 type lamps and many other lamps in the next post of this guides thread.
    我也在下一則討論串的列表中添加了使用了D26燈泡模組及其他種類的燈泡，所完成的常用組合。

    There are many other brands of tactical lights that use similar configurations of photo batteries, and lamps. Ultrafire and Superfire tactical lights, G&P tactical lights, PILA tactical lights. There are also some "no-name" oddballs that can be had for very cheap through sources like http://www.dealextreme.com that support the common 26mm lamp and photo batteries. To maximize your success rate on li-ion conversions, I suggest sticking to higher quality stuff that has good dealer/manufacture support. Wolf-Eyes and Pila are a great place to start if you want to buy a purpose designed Li-Ion powered incandescent flashlight.
    有很多其他品牌的強光手電筒使用相機鋰電及燈泡的相似組合設定，例如Ultrafire及Superfire強光手電筒、G&P強光手電筒及PILA強光手電筒。在這個網站：http://www.dealextreme.com也可以買到很多不知名的奇怪燈泡，可以用來搭配常見的26mm燈泡及相機電池。為了使你改用充電式電池的成功機率增到最大，我建議你還是應該購買有優良的經銷商及廠家做後盾的產品。如果你想要組合出一組有特定使用目的的強光白熾燈手電筒，Wolf-Eyes 及Pila將會是一開始做燈泡-電池組合的好地方。
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